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As a related study, experimental investigations on projectile behaviors during launch process via
pressurized air gun are also being carried out (Fig. 4).

Figure 4. Shooting process using air gun.
Thermoelectric Generator and Cooling Systems
Thermoelectric modules and heat transfer devices are called thermoelectric systems or thermoelectric
energy systems. In order to develop efficient, light weight and compact thermoelectric systems,
enhanced heat transfer devices must be designed, in particular by convection heat transfer enhancement.
Thermoelectric systems have a wide area of application in space, aerospace and defense industry due to
their light, compact and without noise operation. In Heat Transfer and Thermoelectric Energy Systems
Laboratory at Sakarya University, heat transfer devices for thermoelectric systems are designed, and
the performance of thermoelectric generator and cooling systems are determined by experimentally.
MIL Composite Armors
Layered metallic-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites are new multifunctional materials group
based on open air reaction sintering of chemically active metal foils under pressure. Since the materials
with high mechanical strength and electromagnetic interference shielding are vital for military vehicles
and systems, SAU team focused on development of land vehicle materials to be protective against
all kinds of mechanical impacts and firearms. Ni-Al3 MIL laminated multilayer composites have been
produced by using Ni and Al foils (Fig. 5) Characterizations showed almost superior with the combination
of high hardness and strength to achieve satisfactory toughness. Composites have also exhibited good
electromagnetic shielding efficiency in a wide range up to 18GHz and the 50dB.

Figure 5. Ballistic tests
and the cross sectional
micrographs after testing

Cyber Security
Sakarya University (SAU), within the scope of the National Cyber Security Strategy Action Plan, carries
out studies objected “Strengthening Cyber Defense and Protection of Critical Infrastructures”. In this
context, among 6 different critical infrastructures defined as Energy, Water Management, Banking
and Finance, Transportation, Telecommunications and Critical Public Services in our country, SAU
has focused on the critical infrastructures related to Energy and Water Management and launched
the National Testbed Project. Targeted areas have Industrial Control Systems (ICS) equipment and
infrastructure such as SCADA, RTU, PLC, DCS, HMI. Research/academic studies, developments and
applications related to the investigation, development and use of different techniques and methods in
the scope of test, analysis, attack, defense and verification needed in national and international fields are
carried out on the test bed together with cyber security companies involved in ICS security, universities
and firms work on critical infrastructure.

Acknowledgements
The financial supports TÜBİTAK for the FCPAS project under grant numbers 108M283, 113M407, 217M690 and
BOREN, 2017-31-07-25-001, are gratefully acknowledged.
70 TURKISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY